Glycolic Acid – What Is It And Why Do You Need It?

Glycolic Acid is a common ingredient in skincare products and treatments, but what exactly is it? In short, Glycolic Acid is an Alpha-Hydroxy Acid (AHA) – specifically the AHA with the smallest molecular structure. Its diminutive molecular size means greater penetration into the skin.

Ok…but what is an Alpha-Hydroxy Acid (AHA)?

AHAs are a class of chemical compounds that consist of a carboxylic acid with a hydroxyl group. AHAs include glycolic, lactic, and mandelic acids and are good exfoliating agents. Other exfoliating acids include beta hydroxy acids (BHAs) and polyhydroxy acids (PHA).

Glycolic acid exfoliates the skin by reacting to the top layer of the skin and unbinding the lipids that hold those skin cells together. Once this reaction occurs, the dead skin cells fall away. As the dead cells fall away, the lower layers of the skin produce new cells giving you a smooth, plump, and firmer appearance to your skin. As a bonus, Glycolic Acid is able to attract and bind moisture within the skin as well as help to support some of the body’s natural production of collagen, elastin, and hyaluronic acid.

How is Glycolic Acid Used?

Glycolic Acid is used in chemical peel treatments and professional skin care products. In fact, it’s the most used AHA in professional chemical peels because of how effective it is. Ranging in concentrations of 1% to 70% and often combined with other AHAs, BHAs, PHA, or TCA (trichloroacetic acid).

Glycolic-based Chemical peels have been found to effectively treat:

Acne
Scarring (including acne scars)
Stretch marks
Hyperpigmentation
Melasma
Sagging
Wrinkling
And spots caused by sun damage

What Products Do You Find Glycolic Acid In?

Glycolic acid is a popular ingredient in many skincare products due to its ability to effectively exfoliate the skin, boost collagen production, and improve the appearance of skin texture. As a result, there are various types of glycolic acid products available in the market ranging from chemical peels to topical creams and solutions.

You are likely to find Glycolic Acid in skin products for:

Anti-aging
Hydration
Brightening
Exfoliation
Cleaning out your pores (Acne, for example)

What To Expect

While glycolic acid is typically safe for most skin types, it is important to note that it can be irritating for those with sensitive skin. It is essential to start with a low concentration and gradually increase over time. However, the “sweet spot” for glycolic acid concentrations will depend on your specific skin concerns and skin type.